Technology has taken on a central role in the visual arts, not only reshaping artistic forms and content but also redefining the meaning of art itself. In today’s digital ecosystem, this is seen in the evolution of plastic arts, which involve the manipulation of material for paintings, sculptures, and handicrafts.
The integration of digital technologies into the visual arts can be traced back to the 1990s, when Apple’s Macintosh revolutionized desktop computing. The decades following saw the emergence of 3D printing and computer numerical control (CNC) technology, which automates the control of machines through software programs. Since 2020, the commercialization of artificial intelligence imaging has ushered in a new era of visual arts.
There is no question that digital technologies have brought about the digitalization of the physical world and a departure from the material realm. This dramatic shift may give the impression that plastic arts, which deal with the material qualities of objects, have grown out of sync with the times. However, those engaged in classical art forms constantly seek new approaches and actively reinterpret and engage with technology to produce their works.
With the potential of data to reduce the need for manual labor and streamline the artistic process, it should come as no surprise that a growing number of artists embraces digital technologies. In fact, many of those born in the 1980s and 1990s have started testing the limits of what can be done with digital technology, giving rise to all sorts of inventive artistic creations.
The use of technology undoubtedly blurs the boundaries between different art forms. On the surface, technology may seem to pose an existential threat to traditional art forms; but in reality, it reinforces their raison d’être by encouraging a reexamination of what constitutes art. Paintings can now be turned into sculptures, sculptures into data, and handicrafts into paintings.
The current landscape of traditional art forms includes an increasing number of works that depart from artistic conventions revolving around traditional materials and techniques. The gap between the digital and analog realms—the virtual and the physical—is becoming increasingly narrow.